Outline the current legislation covering home based childcare and the role of regulatory bodies Essay

?Enactment directing locally situated kid carer’s and the job of Ofsted the administrative body All individuals working with youngsters are represented by enactment that is set up to ensure your kids and the kid care supplier. In this report I have recorded four significant enactments that are of specific significance to locally established youngster care suppliers and noticed how I intend to fuse them into my training. Kid care experts additionally have an administrative body; in England it is Ofsted. This archive gives you a concise depiction of their administrative job in youngster care settings. In any case, the rundown of enactment isn't far reaching and nor is the short portrayal of Ofsted’s Role, on the off chance that you might want more data or might want to talk about anything written in this pamphlet, if you don't mind ask and I would be glad to furnish you as a parent with more subtleties. Children’s Act 1989 and 2004 The first run through Children’s rights were perceived under UK Law was in the Children’s Act 1989, which summed up, implies ‘the requirements of the youngster are paramount’ (Riddall-Leech 2010 p18). Afterward, in 2004, the Every Child Matters plan was conceived. This is the essential administrative Act that all childcare specialists must watch. It traces five ends that all kids should meet. These are †Be sound, remain safe, appreciate and accomplish, make a positive commitment and accomplish financial prosperity. My childcare practice is focused on accomplishing all the results of the each kid matters contract by: †Be solid By serving hand crafted sound adjusted suppers and bites. Giving day by day chances to physical movement both inside and outside. Guaranteeing a smoke free condition. Remain safe Each and every individual who as often as possible visits the setting including myself and my right hand have upgraded divulgences. There is a zero resilience of harassing and all kids are assisted with understanding their conduct on the off chance that they cause resentful or tormenting to another kid. Appreciate and accomplish By giving abundant chances to encounter new conditions and exercises. Fitting exercises to your child’s likes, needs and working in a joint effort with you the guardians and some other youngster care supplier you may have. By being strong, empowering and emphatically taking care of back to both your youngster and you. Make a positive commitment By building a believing positive relationship based on common regard. Giving your youngster the time and consideration and to hear them out so they gain certainty feel a piece of our locale inside the setting. Accomplish financial prosperity Although this is a troublesome errand to accomplish for a youngster care supplier in early years I accept we help to set up the establishments of this by showing the fundamentals of cash, the significance of training and by touching off the desire for information and learning. Childcare Act 2006 At the point when this demonstration was presented in 2006 it realized immense changes to locally situated youngster care. It requires all youngster care provider’s to enlist with Ofsted, the managing body and that all kids up to the age of 5 in kid care learn and grow well utilizing the Statutory Early Years Foundation Stage Framework. By utilizing painstakingly arranged month to month points and action plans it will guarantee that all grown-up drove and a portion of the kid drove play meets the different learning and advancement objectives of the Early Years Foundation Stage. Through perception, both arranged and unconstrained, the month to month arranged plans will be customized to your child’s singular needs and guarantee that they are creating to the best of their latent capacity. The learning plans are consistently accessible for you to view and you will have the option to see your child’s accomplishments in their ‘Unique Story’ book which will incorporate all perceptions, models and photographs of their work and whatever else your kid might want to place in there for you to see. There will likewise be space for you to compose and remark. This demonstration has supplanted all past dicrimation laws and joined them into one Act to shield individuals from discrimation. Discrimation can come in numerous structures including religion, convictions or the absence of either, age, race, handicap, nationality and the rundown goes on. This law proctects individuals from partiality and permits legitimate move to be made against any individual or organization who is demonstrated to have unjustifiably rewarded any of the ensured bunches secured by this Act. Everybody is welcome at my childcare administration and we endeavor to guarantee that the youngsters find out about the significance of incorporation and the acknowledgment of others. I attempt to clarify that by and large it can simply be dread of not knowing or seeing yet this makes for a fantasic learning experience to examine and find out about different people groups religions, societies, etc and that distinctions are acceptable. In our play room there are numerous books, riddles, pictures and different toys that advance the incorporation and acknowledgment of all gatherings of individuals including impaired, dark and different ethnicities and the old yet to give some examples. You may likewise prefer to peruse the equivalent opportunites strategy. The Data Protection Act 1998 The seventh Data Protection guideline states ‘The Data Protection Act 1998 requires all associations to have fitting security to ensure individual data against unlawful or unapproved use or revelation, and inadvertent misfortune, pulverization or damage’ (ICO, 2012. P10). It referes to data that is kept on document whether it be electronically put away, I. e. on a hard drive, a glimmer drive or paper duplicates. The Act likewise gives people the option to demand duplicates of all data a business may hang on them inside 40 days of the solicitation. The security and assurance of yours and your child’s individual data is critical. Any data held will be secret word ensured on a PC which has a firewall, Anti-infection programming, mal-product and spy-product assurance, which are all stayed up with the latest consistently. Your data will never be imparted to anybody without your express assent, except if it is felt that there was a youngster assurance issue. Any paper documentation is destroyed on the off chance that it is not, at this point required and we are enrolled with the Information Commissioner’s Office who is the Regulatory Authority. The Home Based Child Carers Regulatory Body Here in England, locally situated youngster carers are managed and constrained by Ofsted who have four primary procedures. These procedures are set up to guarantee that the forthcoming kid care professional meets and keeps up all the prerequisites of an appropriate carer including understanding and giving learning and advancement as required by the Statutory Framework in the Early Years Foundation Stage archive. They additionally ensure that the government assistance of the kids can be met and are proceeding to be met after enrollment. It starts with the way toward enlisting with Ofsted who guarantee that the potential carer and some other grown-up living or working with the expert have reasonable divulgence checks and are sufficiently solid to think about youngsters. The carer should likewise finish the endorsed preparing including First Aid. Once the carer has been enlisted, Ofsted make normal checks as assessments to guarantee that the setting is being kept up to the necessary norm, that the carer is proceeding to continue the correct condition for the youngsters to learn and create while being remained careful and thought about. The reviewer will compose a report and grade the kid minder dependent on their perceptions during the examination. These reports should then be made accessible to guardians and are distributed on the Ofsted site. In the event that a grievance or a worry is made, it is Ofsted’s job to explore the expert and their setting to guarantee that they are satisfying all their defending and government assistance requests, in any case and notwithstanding any review that has been completed. On the off chance that the examination shows that the setting is flopping in their necessities it is down to Ofsted to implement changes or to make a move against the youngster carer and the setting. Ofsted help guardians and gatekeepers by furnishing them with data about the setting in this way they can settle on an educated decision while picking their kid carer for their youngster/ren. ___________________________________________________________________ Thank you for setting aside the effort to peruse my pamphlet. I trust you thought that it was valuable. On the off chance that you require any additional data or in the event that you require this report is bigger print as well as another dialect please let me know. For different dialects I will utilize an online interpretation administration which may take some time please permit 14 days. Much obliged to you. Bengali: This/ - ? 14 Chinese: /, 14 Polish: Dziekujemy za poswiecenie czasu na przeczytanie mojej ulotce. MAM nadzieje, ze warto. Jezeli wymagane sa dodatkowe informacje lub jesli chcesz, aby ten dokument joke wiekszy drukuj I/lub innego jezyka prosze da mi zna . W innych jezykach bede korzysta on-line tlumaczenia uslugi, ktora moze zajac troche czasu trwa 14 dni. Dziekujemy. Slovak: Dakujeme vam za as, ktory itat moje letaku. Dufam, ze ste nasli uzito ne. Ak mate zaujem o dalsie informacie alebo ak potrebujete tento dokument je va sie vytla it an/alebo inom jazyku dovolte mi vediet. Pre ine jazyky budem pouzivat on-line prekladatelske sluzby, ktore vsak moze trvat nejaky as prosim nechajte 14 dni. Dakujeme vam. Urdu: . . . . 14 . . Reference index Riddall-Leech, S (2013) Home-based Childcare For childminders and babysitters. Essex: Pearson Education Limited Information Commissioner’s Office (2012) Introduction to The Data Protection Act 1998. [Online] Available from: http://www. ico. organization. uk/~/media/records/library/Corporate/Research_and_reports/ico_presentation_EVOC_20120528. ashx [Accessed: eleventh October 2013] Government Equalities Office (2013) Equali

God Theory An Evaluation of Debate on Existence of God

Since the antiquated occasions, developments over the world have pondered the Idea of their own creation and if there is a ubiquitous God or otherworldly being that rises above all degrees of science. Intense inquiries emerge at the very request of settling the puzzle about the presence of God, with researchers and thinkers pulling every which way trying to clarify the center and inception of mankind.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on God Theory: An Evaluation of Debate on Existence of God explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Theories, for example, the Big Bang hypothesis and Darwinism have been fronted to clarify the starting points of the universe and humanity, yet none has had the option to clarify some basic issues that we involvement with our day by day lives, for example, the thought of cognizance and its relationship with issue, the subject of vast knowledge, among others (Haisch 36). It is along these lines the motivation behind this paper to assess somewhere in the range of hardly any issues about the presence of God. The God hypothesis as proposed by prestigious astrophysicist Bernard Haisch leaves no doubt as far as we can tell in regards to the presence of a super divinity. Heist utilizes the idea of awareness to uncover how individuals are a sifted feature of the powerful God. As per the astrophysicist, â€Å"†¦some blend of thoughts inside this unbounded awareness are good with one another and together outcome in situations where advancement can happen and creatures can live. A few, notwithstanding, are absolutely inconsistent and bring about unadulterated confusion and a failure to develop and show materially† (Haisch 16). This statement focuses to the way that a boundless insight, which is God, knows completely which thoughts and ideas are good to provide the universe the request we as a whole appreciate. It uncovers that our own reality can never be clarified distinctly in logical thoughts of realis m, reductionism, or arbitrariness. The discussion about the presence of God bring up more philosophical issues than can be addressed utilizing the current information. A key impediment is that there is no all around recognized meaning of God, not referencing the way that a few definitions are reckless and self-opposing (Mackie 47). This, notwithstanding, doesn't reduce the vivacity of the discussion about the presence of God. As portrayed over, the arranged conditions that we exist in are a clear marker that some interminable cognizance as God exist (Haisch 16). Numerous different contentions have been fronted to back the presence of God. For example, the cosmological contention declares that to start with, there more likely than not been a ‘first cause,’ a ‘uncaused cause’ or a ‘prime mover,’ and this must be recognized as God (Existence-of-God.com para. 1).Advertising Looking for paper on reasoning? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The teleological contention, which approaches the suspicions made by Haisch, contends that the request, plan, and multifaceted nature saw known to mankind is the best confirmation to show the presence of God. This contention fundamentally follows the relationship of the watch plan and the watch architect (Harrison para. 5). All things considered, the ontological contention contends on the reason that God is more noteworthy than any issue that can be brought about by people, subsequently his reality is beyond a shadow of a doubt. Different philosophical contentions exist to balance the above contentions. These contentions are skeptical in nature, and are extensively sorted into two gatherings †from the earlier and a posteriori contentions (Mackie 102). The main bundle †from the earlier contentions †attests that there exist some substantial sensible irregularity in the mystical idea about God, and accordingly, it is basicall y inconceivable for such a god to exist. The issue of malevolence is one such inconsistency, whereby the skeptics contend that the very permission that malicious exists is verification enough that God doesn't exist since his almighty, all-adoring, all-great, and all-realizing nature can't forestall insidious (Mackie 104). The essential reason of this contention is that the comprehensive idea of God knows how, and have the ability to forestall all types of anguish. It along these lines follows that we would normally anticipate that the super divinity should forestall all types of torment. Be that as it may, this isn't the situation and we keep on enduring under the attentive gazes of God, consequently it’s judicious to state he doesn't exist (Mackie 105). Different inconsistencies in the from the earlier contentions against the presence of God incorporate issues of torment, unfairness, assortment, and Simplicity. Then again, a posteriori contentions against the presence of God contend that the universe is not quite the same as it would have been if really God existed because of such issues as increasing crime percentages, debasement, murders, and so on. In that capacity, the contentions presume that presence of God under such conditions can't be approved (Mackie 111). With everything taken into account, it is obviously certain that the discussion about the presence of a divinity isn't going to be closed. Works Cited Existence-of-God.com. The First Cause Argument. 2004. Recovered from http://www.existence-of-god.com/first-cause-argument.html Haisch, B. The God Theory: Universes, Zero-point Fields and what’s behind it All. San Francisco, CA: Red Wheel/Weiser, LLC. 2009.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on God Theory: An Evaluation of Debate on Existence of God explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Harrison, P. Contentions for and against the Existence of God. 1997. Recovered from http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/GODEXIST.html Mackie, J.L. The Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1983. This article on God Theory: An Evaluation of Debate on Existence of God was composed and put together by client Kennedi F. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Professional Resume Writing Services (+Cover Letter Help)

Professional Resume Writing Services (+Cover Letter Help) Professional Resume Writing Services and Cover Letter Help Home›Professional Resume Writing Services and Cover Letter Help Hiring managers spend 5-10 seconds on the initial review of one resume. From there, your resume will either be discarded right away or it will be selected for further assessment. That means that you have no more than 10 seconds to make an impression on the prospective employer with your resume (no wonder people often choose professional resume writing services?). And if you start digging, you will find it fascinating how small resume mistakes can eliminate candidates right off the bat. For example, the unprofessional email account for the rejection of over 70% of resumes. That said, writing a resume is quite a challenge if you are serious about getting a job within the next few weeks.A resume is the only chance to make a first impression on the employers. If you fail there, it is highly unlikely you will get a second chance. Therefore, you have to make sure th at you submit a stellar resume before you start wondering why you are getting no feedback from the companies. The question of using professional resume writing services as opposed to doing it all by yourself becomes all the more interesting for job seekers in this context.Professional Resume Writing Service

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If you are looking for free academic papers such as free essays, free term papers, free research papers, free dissertations, free book reports/book reviews, free essays, free speeches, there exists a chance of being accused of plagiarism. Free papers downloaded from essay databases and essay sites can be easily detected by plagiarism detection systems and sofwares. You can find a lot of resources and sites with databases of free sample papers and free example papers on any topic. You can use these free college papers, free high school papers and free university papers as sample/example papers for writing your own academic paper but not for downloading purposes. Beware of these websites because they can spoil your academic repute.†¦show more content†¦For any kind of academic writing, the references page plays an important role and teachers’ marking is based on it. 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The Importance of Dreams in Death of a Salesman by Arthur...

The Importance of Dreams in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller There is a wide range of dreams throughout the play. Every Character is living a dream and these dreams are what affect and change how the play flows. The main dream is the great capitalist American Dream, The dreams dramatically affect relationships, jobs and even threatens lives, and these dreams are usually unachievable so are never going to be reached. This however doesnt ever stop the Lomans from dreaming and eventually at the end of the play it gets the better of them. Willy Loman is a salesman whom lives his life chasing the American Dream. The American dream destroys Willy. Willy didnt want to believe that he was†¦show more content†¦Willy also daydreams about money and his financial situation. He dreams about being a great salesman and earning lots of money, Im telling you I was selling thousands and thousands We know this is a dream because he hasnt earnt much because he has to borrow money off Charley. In the play once Willy realises he has failed he puts all his hope in his sons. Willy wants Biff to become a great salesman. Willy has failed at this but he wants his son to fulfil his dreams for him, Ill get him a job selling, hell be big in no time. Ultimately Willy is trying to push Biff towards the American dream. This is because Willys last ambition was to help Biff, Can you imagine that magnificence of $20,000 in Biffs pocket. Miller portrays America as the total opposite to The land of opportunity. He uses Willy and Biff to show how there is set standards in the American society. One is regarded a failure If they dont have a successful job with a high wage, ====================================================================== There is nothing more inspiring or beautiful than the sight of a mare and a new coltà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I suddenly get the feeling, my God, Im notShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of A Dream in Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller1252 Words   |  6 Pagesmust have a dream. However, with the wrong dream, even a fulfilling life is not a happy one. For example in the play, Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, the protagonist, Willy Loman, dreams of becoming a respected and successful salesman. However, Willy Loman dreams the wrong dream and as a result its leads to his tragic demise. 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In, The Death of aRead More Willy Lomans Illusions and Delusions in Arth ur Millers Death of a Salesman796 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Lomans Illusions and Delusions in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman    Charley says something in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman that sums up Willy’s whole life. He asks him, When the hell are you going to grow up† (Miller 97)?   Willy spends his entire life in an illusion, seeing himself as a great man who is popular and successful.   Willy exhibits many childlike qualities and his two sons Biff and Happy pattern their behavior after their father.   Many of these qualities, such asRead MoreA Survey of Tragedy984 Words   |  4 Pagesa dramatic, not in a narrative form: with incidents arousing pity and fear; wherewith to accomplish its catharsis of such emotions.† I believe Aristotle’s meaning of â€Å"Imitate† is to play out, as in acting, and with â€Å"Magnitude† is to imply great importance or consequence. The phrase â€Å"complete in itself in language† is the method in which the drama is delivered to the audience, while â€Å"pleasurable accessories† would refer to the costumes, props and stage. Where Aristotle states; â€Å"each kind broughtRead MoreArthur Miller ´s Death of A Salesman: A Commentary1170 Words   |  5 Pages Arthur Miller Born on October 17, 1915 in Harlem, New York. Arthur Miller was raised in a moderately household until his family lost almost everything in the Wall Street Crash of 1929. They moved from the upper east side in Manhattan to Gravesend, Brooklyn. After graduating from high school, Miller worked little jobs so that he can save up money to attend the University of Michigan. Arthur Miller took courses with playwrightRead More Importance of Self-Image in the Loman Family1483 Words   |  6 Pages Published in 1949, Arthur Miller’s Death of Salesman is a post Second World War American drama that highlights the plight of isolation and desolation experienced by the common man, as symbolized by Willy. The play deals with the society, life’s absurdity, various internal and external conflicts, death and above all, the tragedy of existence. It is located in the industrial society of the twentieth century where the pressure to succeed and the financial difficulties seem insurmountable. The playRead MoreEssay on The Failure of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman1480 Words   |  6 Pagesland of opportunity. Out of that thinking comes the American Dream, the idea that anyone can ultimately achieve success, even if he or she began with nothing.  In The Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller uses the characterization of Willy Loman to represent the failure of his ideal of the American Dream.  Willy’s quest for the American Dream leads to his failure because t hroughout his life he pursues the illusion of the American Dream and not the reality of it. His mindset on perfection, obsession

Advanced Regents Diploma Free Essays

At the outset, I would like to state that it is highly unusual for me to get such a grade. I have been a diligent and hardworking student my whole life. At the same time, I understand that there are certain learning curves and that as one moves up the academic ladder there are more challenges. We will write a custom essay sample on Advanced Regents Diploma or any similar topic only for you Order Now One such challenge is that of High School, especially for one who sets high standards. I have always dreamed of obtaining the Advanced Regents Diploma. In order to accomplish such, I have had to take and pass several courses that are more difficult than the ones that are required for the Local Regent’s Diploma. I have had to pass the Math B2/B3 regents course, the math regent examination and the anxiety of having to meet and perhaps surpass my academic goals. I realize that the pursuit of such lofty goals is not an easy one and I have gladly taken this challenge on to myself. I have always believed in the value of a good education and have never been afraid to work hard for it. While it sets me apart from everyone else in my class, it also presents novel obstacles. I do not regret this decision to take a more difficult path in life because I have chosen not to be average but to face the odds and achieve my goals. How to cite Advanced Regents Diploma, Papers

The Arctic Essays - Arctic, Artic, Pollution, Lichen, Sea

The Arctic The Artic Introduction. The Artic is a region at the upper most tip of the Northern Hemisphere. The Artic includes the area around Greenland, USSR, Canada and Alaska. Much of the Artic circle is permanently frozen ice. The Artic is a pristine environment, clean and void of human interference. However as humans move into these areas and begin to extract what ever they can be balance can be tipped, resulting in pollution and destruction of the environment. Climate. The Artic winters much longer than the Summer. In the winter the sun never rises and in the summer it never sets. The average temperature for the Artic is zero degrees of less. Industry and the Artic. There was once a time when the land of the Artic Circle was considered useless and only hospitable to those native to it. However once vast quantities of oil and fish had been found there was a rush of interest in the land. Fishing in the Artic has occurred for thousands of years but in recent years man has been fishing the Artic; in greater numbers and taking more fish. Professional fishermen are taking all kinds of fish as well as whales and seals. In some areas fishermen have become so efficient at their job that quotas have needed to be put on to limit or stop the capture of certain animals. There are many mineral deposits within the Artic Circle. In Russia: nickel, iron ore, apatite, diamonds, gold, tin, coal, mica, and tungsten. In Sweden: iron ore. In Greenland: lead, zinc, molybdenum and cryolite. Spitsbergen: coal. Canada: uranium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, tungsten and iron ore. The digging out of minerals would inevitably disturb the natural habitat as well as the environment there would be a great cost to maintain the site. Industry that is designed to process various minerals have waste products that would be most unwelcome in the Artic. A good example of this is the pollution that has arisen as a result of the smelting of metals in the Artic. It is for this reason that there is very little industry in the Artic. However Russia, Canada, Greenland and Iceland have several small scale manufacturing plants. The largest industry in the Artic is oil. The rush began in 1968 when a large oil field was discovered, there was a great deal of protest but the development went ahead. Oil extracted from the felid makes its way to Port Valdez via a 1300 kilometre pipeline. Although steps were taken to limit the pipelines affect on the environment it still disrupts the migration of caribou. In 1989 the unthinkable happened and the super tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground spilling millions of gallons of crude oil into the Prince William Sound. The effects of the slick were devastating. Within a week workers counted 24000 dead sea birds and 1000 sea otters. The effects of the slick were felt throughout the food chain from photoplankton to bears. The Exxon company funded the clean up but there was no compensation for the hundreds of people that lost their job as a result of the slick. Pollution of the Artic A large threat to the Artic is transboundry pollution and bioaccumulation. These are both complex subjects but are easily explained. Transboundry pollution is the pollution of the Artic from other countries. The ocean currents and wind conditions result in large amounts of pollution being deposited in the Artic. In winter when the sun is low thick blankets of haze can be seen over the Artic. Bioaccumulation is the process where pollutants build up in the Artic because they cannot be broken down due to the extreme cold. Once harsh chemicals find their way into the food chain they stay there forever, trapped in the animals and sediments. A result of increased pollutants in the atmosphere is the occurrence of acid rain. Sulphur and Nitrogen dioxides drift from developed countries and when they mix with water in the atmosphere they can produce acid rain as strong as lemon juice. The acid snow melts in summer and spring producing an acid shock that can kill animals and plants alike. In 1986 the nuclear reactor in Chernoybl exploded sending a nuclear cloud into the atmosphere that among other places contaminated plants and animals in the Artic region. Particularly affected were lichens, lichens are a plant that makes up the majority of a reindeers' diet. When the reindeers ate the lichens they became radioactive and many thousands had to be shot. Tourism vs conservation. In the battle between tourism and conservation, tourism seems to always win. However in the Artic tourism has so far had little effect (compared to other human activity) on the

Example Problem of Enthalpy Change of a Reaction

Example Problem of Enthalpy Change of a Reaction This example problem shows how to find the enthalpy for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Enthalpy Review You may wish to review the Laws of Thermochemistry and Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions before you begin. Enthalpy is a thermodynamic property that is the sum of the internal energy that is added to a system and the product of its pressure and volume. Its a measure of the systems capacity to release heat and perform non-mechanical work. In equations, enthalpy is denoted by the capital letter H, while specific enthalpy is lowercase h. Its units are usually joules, calories, or BTUs. The change in enthalpy is directly proportional to the number of reactants and products, so you work this type of problem using the change in enthalpy for the reaction or by calculating it from the heats of formation of the reactants and products and then multiplying this value times the actual quantity (in moles) of material that is present. Enthalpy Problem Hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the following thermochemical reaction:H2O2(l) → H2O(l) 1/2 O2(g); ΔH -98.2 kJCalculate the change in enthalpy, ΔH, when 1.00 g of hydrogen peroxide decomposes. Solution This sort of problem is solved by using a table to look up the change in enthalpy  unless its given to you (as it is here).  The thermochemical equation tells us that ΔH  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹for the decomposition of 1 mole of H2O2 is -98.2 kJ, so this relationship can be used as a conversion factor. Once you know the change in enthalpy, you need to know the number of moles of the relevant compound to calculate the answer.  Using the Periodic Table  to add up the masses of hydrogen and oxygen atoms in hydrogen peroxide, you find  the molecular mass of H2O2 is 34.0 (2 x 1 for hydrogen 2 x 16 for oxygen), which means that 1 mol H2O2 34.0 g H2O2. Using these values: ΔH 1.00 g H2O2 x 1 mol H2O2 / 34.0 g H2O2 x -98.2 kJ / 1 mol H2O2ΔH -2.89 kJ Answer The change in enthalpy, ΔH, when 1.00 g of hydrogen peroxide decomposes -2.89 kJ Its a good idea to check your work to make sure the conversion factors all cancel out to leave you with an answer in energy units. The most common error made in the calculation is accidentally switching the numerator and denominator of a conversion factor. The other pitfall is significant figures. In this problem, the change in enthalpy and mass of sample both were given using 3 significant figures, so the answer should be reported using the same number of digits.

The Bog Bodies of Europe - Archeological Finds

The Bog Bodies of Europe - Archeological Finds The term bog bodies (or bog people) is used to refer to human burials, some likely sacrificed, placed within peat bogs of Denmark, Germany, Holland, Britain, and Ireland and naturally mummified. The highly acidic peat acts as a remarkable preservative, leaving the clothing and skin intact, and creating poignant and memorable images of people of the past. The reason that bogs permit a high level of preservation is because they are both acidic and anaerobic (oxygen-poor). When a body is thrown into a bog, the cold water will hinder putrefaction and insect activity. Sphagnum mosses and the presence of tannin add to the preservation by having anti-bacterial properties. The total number of bodies pulled from European bogs is unknown, partly because they were were first rediscovered in the 17th century and records are shaky. Estimates range wildly between about 200 to 700. The oldest bog body is Koelbjerg Woman, recovered from a peat bog in Denmark. the most recent dates to about 1000 AD. Most of the bodies were placed in the bogs during the European Iron Age and Roman period, between about 800 BC and AD 200. Bog Bodies Denmark: Grauballe Man, Tollund Man, Huldre Fen Woman, Egtved Girl, Trundholm Sun Chariot (not a body, but from a Danish bog all the same) Germany: Kayhausen Boy UK: Lindow Man Ireland: Gallagh Man Dont forget to try your hand at the Bog Body Quiz Sources and Recommended Reading Coles, Byrony and Coles, John. 1989. People of the Wetlands: Bogs, Bodies and Lake-Dwellers. London, Thames and Hudson.Glob, Peter Vilhelm. 2004[1965]. The Bog People: Iron-Age Man Preserved. New York Review of Books, New York.Lynnerup, Niels 2007 Mummies. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 50:162-190.Sanders, Karin. 2009. Bodies in the Bog and the Archaeological Imagination. University of Chicago Press: Chicago. ISBN 13:978-0-226-73404-0 (cloth). 233 pages, plus 82 pages of notes, bibliography and index; 63 black and white photographs.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Philosophy - Essay Example Considering my position, I may consider soul to be the ultimate manner of allowing a person to be somewhat same throughout life. The first explanation is somewhat the most common where a person is shown to have a childhood. But it should be noted that this respective person has grown up over the years. This means that the person is not the same anymore. Thus, this clarifies that one cannot be same over the years if experience of living is the manner to claim difference of personality and identity. Secondly, the physical features are also marked to define a person’s identity throughout life but as a matter of fact, even the physical features would change with the passing of years. Thus, even this explanation regarding self proves to e unacceptable. Furthermore, it is the DNA which provides further definition to the concept of being you and sameness of you throughout life. In conjunction to this, it is evident that twins may have same DNA. It is due to this reason that DNA is an other unacceptable definition to this question. As noted by the author, â€Å"The mystery of personal identity is figuring out how we can solve both the problem of difference and the problem of sameness† (Hales 151). ... This clearly means that a person who is unconscious is a person without soul. The critique to my position as per the author is that one cannot simply rely on psychological state of a person, as mind-body relationship reacts to it, can be a way to explain the identity of a person because it may change over the time. As noted in the book, â€Å"Nowadays people sometimes equate their soul with their personality, or use soul to refer to the ethical faculty of the mind. Thus a conscious-less psychopath might be called soulless† (Hales 157). Thus, it is extremely important to provide such a statement by undergoing psychological criterion making soul=mind to be ineligible. II. Likewise Hales, I would like to comment for this question. The aspect of knowledge is somewhat blurred in the minds of people. There is a way to spread knowledge which is impartation done by the educational institutions. The criterion of knowledge which is basically being provided in such a manner is mere repea tedly ratified facts and figures which have been gained by experiences and Methodism (Turnbull, Trnbull and Shogren). However, the fact remains that this knowledge which was gained later on, was once used to be incorrect. The measure and acceptance of any fact which is regarded as knowledge, is done in the manner of claimed including true or false. This means that previously it was the fact which was considered to be superficial. I would like to connect this idea with the dialogue from the movie Men in Black which has also been used in the textbook considered for this assignment. It is as follows, â€Å"1500 years ago everybody ‘knew’ the Earth was the center of the universe. 500 years ago everybody ‘knew’ the Earth was at. And 15 minutes ago

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature Review - Essay Example Both literature reviews and annotated bibliography provided an ordered list of sources used to write a research paper or a thesis. Most research works are based on works or findings of other scholars. The findings can either be applied in the qualitative or quantitative surveys that are carried out through such scholarly works. This indicates that using ideas or information from other researchers is unavoidable. Annotated bibliographies and literature review enable a scholar to acknowledge other scholars who provided a basis for their research work. In addition, through the literature reviews and annotated bibliographies, scholars are able to give the basis or the foundation of their research topic (Fink, 2009). This is achieved by giving a description of previous researches in other related topics. Despite the outstanding similarities between the two, literature reviews are not annotated bibliographies. Annotated bibliography contains an ordered list of sources used in the research works and their respective authors. In addition, annotated bibliographies give a short description that highlight the relevance of those sources in the research work. On the other hand, literature reviews is an essay containing background information about the different the sources used in research work. The description that accompanies a source in a literature review informs the reader about the quality and the relevance of the source to the study. Literature reviews also include important factors or points from the source that has been applied in the work. Thus, a literature review summarizes and analyzes an already existing arguments and deductions. Precisely, annotated bibliography present facts about different sources used to write the research work while literature reviews provide a brief summary, evaluation and analysis about different ideas, topics and arguments contained in the source. Different sources have different implications on the resultant research work. The author has the responsibility of informing the readers about the credibility of different sources used in the research. Authors use annotated bibliographies to inform the readers about the accuracy, relevance and the quality of the source used in research work (Fink, 2009). On the other hand, literature reviews are used inform the readers the pros and cons of the sources in relation to the research topic. In a literature review, an author or a researcher has the abilities to criticize the source by highlighting the missing elements. In addition literature reviews gives the direction or trend of future research work based on different sources used in the research. Finally, a literature review places a particular research work in its immediate context. This implies that in a literature review, a researcher provides a succession of ideas in a particular research topic. This makes it possible for the researcher to identify a gap of knowledge or ideas that can be filled by the present research work. In addition, a literature review provides a response to particular problems that can be used to improve the discipline. This enables the author to create a case for further investigation. On the other hand, annotated bibliography provides criticism to different sources based on their quality in relation to the research work. Unlike annotated bibliog

Heinz Business Strategy

Heinz Business Strategy Heinz Company is a marketer and manufacturer of branded foods in the industry of global food. The company is recognized for its ketchup with a comprehensive presence in condiments, tuna, baby foods, soup and ready meals. Heinz is the US-based global food company, with a world-class portfolio of powerful brands holding no-1 and no-2 market positions in more than 50 countries. The Heinz brand has an estimated value of $20 billion with Heinzs top-15 power brands accounting for two-thirds of annual sales.The company has no-1 or no-2 brands in 200 countries around the world, showcased by Heinz Ketchup. Other brands in the companys portfolio include Classico pasta sauce, Ore-Ida frozen potato products, Heinz weight watchers, Plasmon baby food, and John West tuna. Heinz also uses the famous names Weight Watchers, Boston Market, T.G.I. Fridays, Jack Daniels, and Linda McCartney under license. Due to potential loss in manufacturers brand equity, large public food manufacturers face the greate st threat from the expansion of private retailer brands and the increased power of the retail sector. The H.J. Heinz Company has a long tradition in the US market of being a number one brand, retaining a dominant position in the US and the world market. Ketchup is a case in point. However, as with many large food manufacturers, the growing share of private labels is creating a challenge . In response, rather than relying solely on its long held brand image, Heinz has made a strategic decision to invest heavily in differentiating itself further from private label offerings by improving the quality of its product to attract more quality-conscious consumers, Heinz might easily be viewed as a company with a dominate product-orientation based on its Chairmans statement I am convinced that quality and innovation are the way forward for Heinz. Traill and Grunert (1997) 2-PRODUCT INNOVATION ACTIVITY Much of the innovation has been focus on what is considered core products where it has strong existing competencies and expertise. New product development constitutes an vital part of Heinzs growth strategy. Product introductions are focus on meeting consumers demand for convenience, health, improved taste, and lifestyle changes. The company has made attractive consumer products by offering packaging innovations and the promotion of the health benefits of its existing products. The health dimension is critical factor in its product differentiation strategy for Heinz.There are no of examples of recent product innovations. The company introduced a new range of soups, offering nutritious contents with alternative ingredients with less salt, sugar, and fat particles. Various specialty soups were introduced in the UK, such as Spicy Butternut Squash and Mediterranean Tomato and Bacon. Other examples are the first microwaveable French fries tasting like restaurant fries. This product is a s trong complement to its ketchup. The most successful package innovation in the US was the Heinz Easy Squeeze ketchup designed in an upside down ketchup bottle for faster and less messy dispensing. This packaging was successfully launched in 19 European countries as well as in the US and the Canadian food service. In recent years, the company has also made substantial packaging innovations in other food products with a conversion from traditional cans to more convenient solutions in single-serve microwavable packaging. Traill and Grunert (1997) 3-PROCESS INNOVATION ACTIVITY Heinz created four imperatives to gain better performance, drive profitable growth, remove the clutter, squeeze out costs, and measure and recognized performance. By removing the clutter, Heinz seeks to remove inefficiencies and reduce complexities of product portfolio and supply chain. The company execute a major restructuring initiative named Streamline aimed at reducing overhead costs. Heinz has also made a series of divestitures in an effort to refocus its business more closely on its core products. The company is focusing on its top 15 power brands, which account for 60 percent of total sales. The squeeze out the cost initiative has mainly concentrate on promotional expenditure as new systems have been execute to better track promotional spending. Through a new global procurement initiative led from World headquarters in Pittsburgh, Heinz is aiming to cut costs in both direct and indirect sourcing activities. Traill and Grunert (1997) MARKETING STRATEGY OF HEINZ COMPANY The company launch its first national foodservice advertising campaign, using the slogan Insist on Heinz. The objective of this advertisement is to attract consumers to insist on Heinz Ketchup, when it is not available in fast food restaurants or other food service establishments. Furthermore, to take full advantage of its strong position in the foodservice market, the company has created Group 57, a culinary expert team that supplies customers with new ideas and support. Heinz invests in consumer education by promoting the health benefits of lycopene in tomatoes. Heinzs advertising expenses have also increased in recent years, mainly due to the launching of a new product, Ore-Ida extra crispy fries in the US. In response to increasing competition, especially from private labels, Heinz introduced a every day low pricing initiative across many product groups. The aim of this initiative is to fight off competition by creating a positive value impression among consumers. Traill and Grun ert (1997) CORPORATE STRATEGY OF FONTERRA COOPERATIVE GROUP 1-USING RD AND INTERNATIONAL VENTURES The Fonterra Cooperative Group was formed by the merger of New Zealand Dairy Group, Kiwi Co-operative Dairies and the New Zealand Dairy Board in late 2001. It is owned by its nearly 12,000 dairy farming shareholders. Fonterra has sales of $2.15 billion and is organized in three divisions; New Zealand Milk Products (NZMP), New Zealand Milk, and Fonterra Enterprises. NZMP is the worlds largest dairy ingredients company which focuses on separating milk to its various components and then marketing these components. New Zealand Milk is the business unit manufacturing dairy based consumer and branded food products, while Fonterra Enterprises comprises an innovative venture and growth businesses supporting Fonterras core business activities. Since the merger there have been a number of acquisitions. Fonterra has a 50 percent stake in Australian dairy producer, Bonlac Foods Ltd, and has undertaken the formal merger of both companies consumer products operations in Australia and New Zealand. Other acquisitions and strategic alliances include joint ventures with Nestlà © through Dairy Partners Americas in South and Central America, Dairy Farmers of America with DairiConcepts in the US, Britannia Industries Ltd in India, and Arla Foods in the UK. A handicap of traditional cooperatives is their orientation toward producers and lack of consumer awareness. However, this is changing as cooperatives discover more suitable market-oriented strategies and increasingly operate in global markets. Although capital constraints have been a primary barrier to internationalization, risk aversion is one of the most important factors discouraging the extent of internationalization (Buccola  et al., 2001). The Fonterra Cooperative Group has successfully internationalized, breaking away from most models of traditional cooperatives. Its two distinct businesses structure, specialty ingredients and consumer milk products provides a hedge against fluctuating international dairy prices. Fonterra is a supplier of both consumer product and dairy ingredients. The consumer business, New Zealand Milk, was renamed in 2005 becoming Fonterra Brands. The name change was made to better reflect the companys core brand business. Fonterra is now pursuing a strategy called Winning Through Brands where the Fonterra name and product brand will appear on packaging as an endorsement and its worldwide reputation as a leader in dairy. Fonterra uses its expertise in dairy technology for creating value from milk as both ingredients and consumer dairy products. It is a leader in several country markets for branded consumer products such as milk, cheese, powder milk, butter and yogurt. Fonterra is ranked as the sixth largest dairy company in the world with more than two-thirds of its sales in dairy ingredients, and accounts for more than a third of international trade in dairy (Rabobank International, 2008;  Fonterra, 2007). In addition, Fonterra supplements its New Zealand product s with milk supplies from foreign affiliates to assure a stable supply of products for its customers. 2- FONTERRA PRODUCT INNOVATION ACTIVITY Fonterra views milk with sophistication, seeking to lead the race to develop its nutritional potential by meeting the needs of an increasingly health-conscious world. Science and biology underpins the dairy industry both in on-farm production and in dairy product manufacturing. Biotechnology is the technology that allows Fonterra to modify biological systems, either using natural means or more advanced tools.To develop specialized products, Fonterra uses a health and nutrition team that focus on the unique health benefits of milk-derived bioactives. This team targets specific areas in response to global consumer health concerns namely: immune health, gastrointestinal health, infant nutrition, dermatology, sports health, therapeutics, bone health and animal health. Fonterras concentration on the development of new products to drive growth is evident in both the consumer products and the ingredient business. It established new research and development facilities in 2004 to expand its p otential of new products. Fonterra also established a number of joint research projects with pioneering German vitamin producer BASF. This agreement includes developing dairy-based products for the health ingredients market, and a collaboration to develop customized, instantly-vended convenience foods for a variety of dietary needs, which will be marketed as or point-of-sale individualized foods. 3-FONTERRA PROCESS INNOVATION ACTIVITY Fonterras management states that operational excellence has to be embedded in our culture[3]. An important part of Fonterras global business operations is procurement of raw milk and gaining access to product markets. Fresh milk products, by their perishable and bulky nature, cannot be economically transported across long distances. Furthermore, high trade barriers on dairy products restrain global product movements. Fonterra established several strategic alliances and partners to increase efficiency and flexibility in its global supply chain. Fonterra and Dairy Farmers of America (DFA), the largest milk-collecting cooperative in the US, formed a joint venture company called DairiConcepts which combines DFAs manufacturing sites with Fonterras technological expertise and innovations. DairiConcepts both strengthened Fonterras position in the US market and offered the cooperative the ability to better exploit its new opportunities.In addition to improving efficiencies in its South Ameri can operations, Fonterra established a joint venture with Nestlà © to form Dairy Partners Americas. Comprising over 13 plants in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and the Americas, with more than two thirds of them ex-Nestlà © staff, Dairy Partners Americas has been successfully implemented in Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela (Datamonitor, 2008). These and other partnerships provide alternative sources of raw milk for its ingredients business, enable optimization of Fonterras production plan and inventory levels, and ultimately facilitate meeting customer demand in all regional markets MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF FONTERRA COOPERATIVE GROUP Fonterra focuses on conveying the message that it has high quality products stemming from research and development activity, which use healthy, natural and ecologically responsible products that are consistent with Fonterras rural roots. The company takes a science-based approach to developing and promoting these products by employing scientific results found in research studies and commissioning research papers and clinical studies to support its claims. In 2004, a report was published illustrating the positive benefit of feeding fortified milk powders to children. Fonterra aims to establish the image of its products in the minds of young consumers, viewing them as potential life-long consumers. For example, its website for children, (www.milkzone.com), offers interactive games, fun information, contests and links to other milk-related sites. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT CRITICALLY ANALYSE According to SLACK,N.CHAMBERS,S.JOHNSTON,R.2007 it refers to the listening to customers, indentifying what they want and striving to meet their requirement get it right first time-every time, with zero defects. Peter Drucker writes that The purpose of business lies outside itself-that is creating and satisfying customer. The decision process is central, and structure has to follow strategy and management has to be management by objectives and self control. The search for the genuine keys to success in TQM implementation has become a matter of deep concern to management of companies in the world. Organizational lack of information and data on the critical factors is an obstacle to implementing TQM effectively. So, research studies on the critical factors of TQM implementation are needed. In other words, more data are required so that industries can avoid and prevent the same problems from occurring (companies which adopted TQM ended up failing or dropping the system initiative before it could really take hold), (Lau and Idris, 2001).  Idris and Zairi (2006)  also stated that there is a need for more empirical research to clarify how the TQM evolutionary path is related to critical success conditions within an economic sector, industry, and era. With more empirical proof, an approach to a sustainable quality strategy could be established. More research in the form of a longitudinal approach is also needed since a snapshot d esign alone would not be sufficient to capture success conditions holistically (Idris and Zairi, 2006). However, the success of the TQM research depends on the development of valid and reliable measures which replicate actual TQM practices companies adopt in the real world. Not only should the measurement be consistent within a certain study, but also across many studies (Jitpaiboon and Rao, 2007)   TQM can be studied from three different approaches, contributions from quality leaders, formal evaluation models and empirical research.  Deming (1982,  1986). The use of statistical techniques for quality control, and proposed his 14 principles to improve quality in organizations, based on the following idea- leadership an improvement philosophy, the right production from the beginning, training for managers and employees, internal communication aimed at the elimination of obstacles for cooperation and the suppression of quantitative objectives.  Juran (1986)  pointed out the importance of both technical and managerial aspects, and identified the three basic functions of the quality management process: planning, organization and control, as the stages for quality improvement; he indicated that the aim of the management is to reduce the cost of mistakes, reaching a point where the total costs of quality are minimal improvement.  Crosby (197 9)  defined 14 steps for quality improvement, including top and intermediate management commitment, quality measurement, evaluation of quality costs, corrective action, training, a zero-defect philosophy, objective setting and employee recognition. The research by all these authors shows both strengths and weaknesses, for none of them offers the solutions to all the problems encountered by firms (Dale, 1999), although some common issues can be observed, such as management leadership, training, employees participation, process management, planning and quality measures for continuous improvement. These ideas have exerted an influence upon later studies, in such a way that the literature on TQM has progressively developed from these initial contributions, identifying various elements for effective quality management. Taking the initial research as a basis, the critical factors of TQM found in the literature vary from one author to another, although there is a common core, formed by the following requirements (Claver  et al., 2003),customer focus, leadership, quality planning, management based on facts, continuous improvement, human resource management (involvement of all members, training, work teams and communication systems), learning, process management, cooperation with suppliers and organizational awareness and concern for the social and environmental context. Alongside these factors, identified both in theoretical and empirical studies, there are standardized quality models used by firms in practice as a guide for their implementation, or in order to carry out self-evaluations of their quality practices. The main models are the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award model in the USA, the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model in Europe and the Deming Application Prize model in Japan. The USA model lists in seven categories the main concepts and values in quality management: leadership, strategic planning, human resources orientation, process management, information and analysis, customer and market focus and business results. The EFQM model consists of the following principles: leadership, employee management, policy and strategy, alliances and resources, process management, people results, customer results, society results and key results (EFQM, 2000). The Japanese model is grouped into ten chapters, which are in turn divided, as in the two previous models, into a number of subcriteria, in the following way- policies, organization, information, standardization, development and usage of human resources, activities ensuring quality, activities for maintenance and control, activities for improvement, results and future plans. These principles, in general, summarize the aspects defined in the literature. Thus, issues related to the participation of employees, staff, work teams and communication, amongst others, may be included within the factor of human resource management. EVALUATE THE MIX OF CONCEPT Impact of supply chain management The maximization of firm value is an accepted goal of all publicly held firms. Value however is not a term well understood by all managers. In his book  The Power of Now, the CEO of Tibco Software, Vivek  Ranadive (1999)  explains that many business executives confuse value with profit. Ranadive makes the distinction by saying profit is a consequence of creating value. Ranadive emphasizes that creating customer value is one of the few existing differentiators that can create competitive advantage while the other classic differentiators outlined by Michael Porter and others cost leadership, quality, focus and speed have themselves become commodities. They are simply the price of market entry (Ranadive, 1999). Thus, firms must seek other avenues to build value for their customers. Many firms have turned to supply chain management (SCM) to give them a competitive advantage in the twenty-first century. A supply chain includes all the activities, functions and facilities involved (either directly or indirectly) in the flow and transformation of goods and services from the material stage to the end-user (Russell and Taylor, 2000, p. 373;  Handfield and Nichols, 1999, p. 2). SCM aims to integrate the various structures and processes of the supply chain, facilitating and coordinating the flow of goods and services and the flow of information necessary to provide the value that customers demand. The need for such coordination grows out of several trends in the marketplace. Globalization has led to the availability of a vast set of alternative sources of materials and other inputs as well as a wider array of potential customers. Customers changing expectations regarding value of goods and services, combined with advances in technology and the availability of information, have driven the formation of new forms of inter-organizational relationships (Handfield and Nichols, 1999, p. 5 ). Such factors have stimulated changes in the nature of organizations supply chains and have led to an emphasis on coordination and integration of supply chain activities.

Examine the Hindu views on arranged marriages Essay

To what extent can Hindu arranged marriages survive in a multi – cultural society In this essay I will examine the Hindu views on arranged marriages and how they are surviving in s multi – cultural society. I shall use secondary research to back up what I mention within this essay. An arranged marriage is a marriage in which neither the bride nor the groom has a say over the selection of their future spouses. However, in an arranged marriage, both parties give full consent to the marriage. Arranged marriages have been proven to be successful. Arranged marriages have been a traditional aspect of family life in Hinduism. According to Hinduism, a marriage between two people is seen to be a holy relationship, that is just not limited to this one life, but extends across seven or more lives during which, the couple will help each other grow as people and progress spiritually. Two souls come together and marry because their karmas are intertwined and they have to resolve many things together upon earth in order to ensure their mutual salvation. In Hinduism, man and woman represent the two halves of the divine body. There is no question of superiority or inferiority between them. When parents are in search for a partner for their child, they firstly look at the religion, language and caste. These are very important factors that most parents do not overlook for arranged marriages. In India, parents feel that a girl can be a potential wife at the age of eighteen and parents get worried if she remains unmarried past twenty four or twenty five. It is acceptable for a boy to remain unmarried till his late 20s, but after that questions are asked about his appropriateness as a husband. This does not necessarily apply to a growing urban middle class population. Once the families have agreed on their children’s marriage they consult a family priest or an astrologer to fix the wedding date according to their astrological charts and thereafter invitations are sent to family and friends. The Hindu marriage ceremony entails several functions before the â€Å"big day†. However the wedding day itself has many religious rituals which need to be followed and is a custom for all Hindus. Firstly there is the â€Å"Panigrahana†; this ritual is carried out by the bride’s father, where he would offer the hand of the bride to the groom. The next ritual is the exchanging of the vows with fire as the witness. A â€Å"Havankund† or fire is lit and the priest recites the relevant hymns from the scriptures. Each time the bride and groom go around the fire they exchange vows. The next ritual is the â€Å"Saptapadi†; at the end of the ceremony the couple take seven steps together; each step represents strivings for their married life. The first step is taken for God and the growing of their spiritual progress together, the others are for health, wealth, strength, children and happiness. The seventh step represents life long friendship between husband and wife. The other key feature of a Hindu marriage, which everyone is familiar with, is the marking of the bride’s forehead with red powder called â€Å"kumkum†. This merely shows the females status. Love marriages are on the increase in Britain, but there is still a lot of doubt about them amongst the elder generation. Love marriages within the same caste and financial background are favoured, compared to inter-caste and inter-religious marriages. Couples who dare cross the social conventions have to cope with a lot of social pressure within their families and outside. These problems are more acute in the rural areas compared to the urban areas and metropolitan cities. Much depends upon the family background. If parents are educated and enlightened on both sides, things would be easier for the children, who get involved in unconventional relationships. I would say one of the evils of Hindu arranged marriages in India especially is the ever- present dowry system. The amount of dowry can be a very substantial amount, even in dollar terms, depending upon the financial status of the parties involved. Sometimes greedy mother-in-laws and husbands subject the poor brides to innumerable hardships for not meeting their expectations in respect of the dowry. Cases of bride burning are not unknown. Indian penal code prescribes severe punishment for such acts. But the cases take years and decades before the courts deliver justice. Many Indian families who have settled outside of India still uphold the tradition of arranged marriage. Being part of two cultures can be hard. Young people born in Britain but from an Indian family can find this particularly difficult if their modern western lifestyles clash with their parent’s hopes and wishes.2 Many young Indian people living in Britain know that one day they will agree to an arranged marriage. To deny their parents this would be a sign of deep disrespect. Many families are able to discuss the issue and reach compromises that are suitable for everyone. For example insist that you are happy to meet with prospective partners but that you must like your match. Family, friends and relatives will be informed once they have decided to go ahead and soon meetings will be organised. They will be matched according to their education and experience, a suitable caste, or social class associated with the Hindu religion. Many non Hindu’s have a huge misconception about arranged marriages. It is important to make a clear distinction between arranged marriages that are consensual and marriages that are arranged without the consent of the individuals involved. These are sometimes called forced marriages and are against the law in this country. However in rural parts of India this idea about forced marriages still takes place even today. Although Western societies tend to ridicule arranged marriages as backward and uncivilized and old fashioned, there are positive aspects. For example, Westerners focus more on the physical aspect of relationships, and are thus obsessed with love, sex, and beauty. As a result, people get married based on these factors and then get let down by one another very easily. The divorce rate in Western countries such as the U.S. has increased rapidly. â€Å"50% of American marriages end in divorce†1. In contrast, Eastern cultures that practice arranged marriages place far more emphasis on the practical, such as integrity, diligence, ambition, modesty, and kindness. People get married based on practical reasons, and work on building affection later. Strong characteristics like the ones described above are very favourable to building love and affection in Eastern marriages. As a result, these marriages are much longer-lasting than many Western marriages. It is because the primary emphasis is not on love, sex, and physical beauty that arranged marriages are usually so successful, because the spouses get to know one another on a practical level first, looking beyond trivial issues such as beauty. I know it can go both ways, there are many arranged marriages that are just total hell, and there are marriages that started out based only on infatuation and grew stronger as time passed. But I think as long as one looks for the right characteristics in a potential spouse, then, arranged marriage can definitely work. People within the western civilisation are mistaken by the term arranged marriages. Arranged doesn’t necessarily mean â€Å"fixed†. Arranged marriages it encompasses a lot of different varieties: the harshest arranged marriages are almost forced upon the bride or groom while the most liberal ones start with just an introduction of the couple through their parents and the rest is up to the couple. If they feel they are compatible then they would go ahead with the marriage. If they decided not to get married they would remain friends. I feel that within Britain today, Hindu parents have become liberal with their children dating and â€Å"seeing† each other. Parents are now influencing their children to look for someone within University get to know them for at least a couple of years and then decide on whether they are right for you. I think if the parents know about the son or daughter’s partner and they are Hindu, have a good family background and most importantly are educated then the parents would definitely agree to the marriage. In fact, the advantages and drawbacks of arranged marriages cannot be so easily appraised. The incidence of divorce among Indian-born British/Americans is dramatically lower than among British/Americans generally, but that partly reflects the continuing disgrace of divorce. Even as the divorce rate among Indian British/Americans appears to be increasing, the topic is rarely discussed. Divorce reflects poorly on an Indian family, and some proportion of arranged marriages endures not because they are successful or rewarding, but because leaving them would bring such shame. In addition, the concept of a woman living independently is foreign to most people in South Asian culture. Also, a majority of women don’t work in rural areas of South Asian countries and hence find it difficult to have enough money to support them without getting married or after getting divorced. And many endure because the definition of success differs from Western ideas. Traditional Indians don’t expect a partner to be that improbable combination of soul mate/confidante/red-hot lover/best friend. â€Å"The husband-wife bond is one of reliability and dependability and complementary family roles – raising children, caring for elders,† explains Karen Leonard, author of The South Asian Americans and a University of California-Irvine anthropologist. â€Å"They may communicate very little in intimate ways, and it’s still a good marriage.†3. The custom of arranged marriages in India has survived migration and modernization remaining central to the fabric of society. However 95% of all marriages in India are arranged, even among those in the educated middle class. Many Indians challenge that arranged marriages are more successful than marriages in the West, particularly given the latter’s staggering divorce rates. Romantic love does not necessarily lead to a good marriage, and often fails once the passion dissolves, they argue. With most unions between individuals from the same background, the arranged marriage reflects and reinforces the social, economic, geographic and historical diversity of India itself. More like a continent than a country, India is made up of 14 states, with as many languages, thousands of dialects, three major religions, hundreds of sub-religions, an outlawed but still practiced caste system amongst Hindus. The Hindu religion, strongly intertwined in the concept of â€Å"duty,† order that parents are responsible for providing their children’s education and marriage. Once married, their sons take over the running of the household and provide for their parents for the rest of their lives. The arranged marriage has adjusted to modernization. Prospective grooms were once not even allowed to see the photograph of their prospective brides so as to protect an unmarried woman’s purity, her most valuable asset. By the 1930/40’s, such as in my grandmother’s marriage, the couple exchanged photographs, in order to decide if they liked each other. Today couples, depending on how liberal their parents are, have a coffee or meal on their own either at home, or in a restaurant, before deciding to commit. Middle-class women are allowed to reject suitors favoured by their parents. Engagements can now last six months. Western concepts of love triumphing over tradition can be seen in popular Indian films. However, many Indian women in the diaspora are in change. Freedom comes with a price. Some women, after having ended several long term relationships, find themselves in their late 30s alone, with one foot in either world and judged by both. It goes without saying that no marriage, not even an arranged one, is accustomed from basic incompatibility or abuse. But the arranged marriage does have its advantages. Living with the extended family, daughters traditionally live with their in-laws including brothers-in-law and their wives and children which means a free staff of child minders. Apart from the economic savings of a family home, shocks such as a death or the loss of a job can be absorbed. The system cares for elderly parents and grandparents who are generally isolated in Western societies. Also, because the arranged marriage tends to be a union of two families of strong moral and cultural values provides checks and balances against areas that may splinter it, such as unfaithfulness. Most people tend to equate Hindu marriage with arranged marriage. The parents in order to meet this domestic obligation prepare themselves mentally and, more importantly, financially when their child reaches marriageable age. They search for a suitable partner keeping in mind the community â€Å"rules† regarding cast, creed, birth chart, and financial and social status of the family. Traditionally it is the girl’s parents that bear the cost of the wedding and to jumpstart their daughter’s married life they shower her with gifts and ornaments to take to her in-laws. Unfortunately, this has aggravated people’s greed end in the many evils of dowry system. In the end, the discussion of arranged and love marriages comes down to which is better? Obviously, the one that leads to more successful marriages. Supporters of arranged marriages claim that it is more successful, but their definition of success focuses on divorce rates. But are divorce rates really a measure of a successful marriage? Do all the couples that don’t get divorced stay happy with each other? The occurrence of divorce in society depends on a lot of factors including the stigma of divorce. It should be a matter of great concern that we have begun to ignore the ancient and lofty ideals of Hindu marriage and are anxious to follow in the footsteps of cultures that do not value these ideals. No wonder, the number of divorce suits filed by Hindu couples is on the rise. Instead of strengthening the traditional ideals, which for thousands of years have helped us prevent marriage and family break-ups, we are misdirecting our energies towards promoting the ideal of sense-enjoyment and self-interest. In my opinion it is still not too late to be proactive to protect the sanctity of Hindu marriage. 1: http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_dira.htm 2: http://www.youthinformation.com/infopage.asp?snID=805 3: http://lair.xent.com/pipermail/fork/2003-March/018427.html Words – 2,582 (not including Bibliography)

The Issues Arising From File Sharing - 1728 Words

Introduction The internet is one of the most exciting phenomena to be invented in the world of technology. It was widely received and accepted by all sectors of the society, including the government, and businesses. The communication and media platforms were on the frontline in embracing the new technology. The internet is currently the largest source of music and video content. The availability of high-speed internet connections and a creation of inexpensive and easily distributable digital contents has facilitated to the high number of downloads. This has been attributed with both advantages and disadvantages. The creation of peer-to-peer (P2P) media sharing platforms led to a rise of the controversy surrounding this form of media consumption. This paper discusses the moral issues arising from file sharing. With a worldwide reach, the internet has facilitated massive downloads of copyrighted contents without the knowledge or proper compensation of the rightful author. However, the providing, s haring, or downloading content on these platforms is a violation intellectual property rights known as piracy. File Sharing Moral Issues Musicians and recording companies argue that the music and videos on the internet are their property, upon which they expect to get economic benefits, and downloading their content is wrong. However, these cries fall on deaf ears since content downloading or sharing has become part of everyday life activities. Goel, Miesing, Chandra (2010) notedShow MoreRelatedEffective Time Management Procedures : Clear Communication Processes And Procedures1100 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment and acknowledgment of team performance. Personal management As well as being organised, it is critical for the team’s success to follow set processes as outlined in company process’s manual Security Internet security Protecting information from accidental or intentional interference. 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There are many ethical issues arising by using technology in the business of IT. These issues can be classified as personal issues and organizational level issues. Privacy, private information security, web tracking etc are some of the personal issues and protecting intellectual property like software rights is organisational level issue. These issues tend to create conflicts in the

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